{"id":2831,"date":"2023-06-27T15:22:58","date_gmt":"2023-06-27T12:22:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mobilefutures.fi\/?p=2831"},"modified":"2023-09-05T11:25:34","modified_gmt":"2023-09-05T08:25:34","slug":"the-finnish-immigration-reform-proposal-and-sexual-harassment-anger-frustration-and-helplessness","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mobilefutures.fi\/sv\/blog\/the-finnish-immigration-reform-proposal-and-sexual-harassment-anger-frustration-and-helplessness\/","title":{"rendered":"Det finska f\u00f6rslaget till invandringsreform och sexuella trakasserier: ilska, frustration och hj\u00e4lpl\u00f6shet"},"content":{"rendered":"

27.06.2023 Yulia Dergacheva<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u00e4r reflekterar jag \u00f6ver tv\u00e5 nyheter som jag st\u00f6tte p\u00e5 samtidigt. B\u00e5da ber\u00f6r mig personligen, politiskt och yrkesm\u00e4ssigt. Den f\u00f6rsta \u00e4r den finska regeringens nya policyplan om reformprogram f\u00f6r invandrare<\/a>. F\u00f6r det andra, som vid f\u00f6rsta anblicken inte verkar vara kopplad till den f\u00f6rsta, \u00e4r nyheten om Till Lindemann, frontmannen i ett framst\u00e5ende tyskt band Rammstein utnyttjande av kvinnor och flickor som valts ut av s\u00e4rskilda personer f\u00f6r sexuell exploatering<\/a>. \u00c4mnet f\u00f6r min p\u00e5g\u00e5ende forskning \u00e4r \"Sexuella trakasserier av invandrarkvinnor i Finland\", och ligger i sk\u00e4rningspunkten mellan invandrarstatus, ras och k\u00f6nsdiskriminering.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Invandringsreform<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jag \u00e4r en invandrare med ett otryggt jobb och en os\u00e4ker invandrarstatus. Inte en enda g\u00e5ng har jag och mitt barn f\u00e5tt ett uppeh\u00e5llstillst\u00e5nd som \u00e4r l\u00e4ngre \u00e4n ett \u00e5r. Varje \u00e5r g\u00e5r vi igenom alla procedurer, och d\u00e5 och d\u00e5 tar vi fingeravtryck som om v\u00e5ra fingeravtryck p\u00e5 n\u00e5got mystiskt s\u00e4tt skulle \u00e4ndras vartannat \u00e5r. Trots att jag har varit n\u00e4stan sju \u00e5r i Finland och tagit min magisterexamen i m\u00e4nskliga r\u00e4ttigheter, arbetat som byggst\u00e4dare i fem \u00e5r och f\u00f6r n\u00e4rvarande \u00e4r doktorand, uppfyller jag fortfarande inte kraven f\u00f6r permanent uppeh\u00e5llstillst\u00e5nd eller medborgarskap. Och ironiskt nog kommer jag sannolikt att missa konferensen f\u00f6r det internationella n\u00e4tverket f\u00f6r migrationsforskning (IMISCOE) i Warszawa<\/a>, det st\u00f6rsta \u00e5rliga evenemanget om migrationsstudier i Europa, eftersom Migrationsverket (Migri) trots \u00c5bo universitets starka st\u00f6d knappt hann utf\u00e4rda ett uppeh\u00e5llstillst\u00e5nd i tid f\u00f6r att mitt resedokument skulle hinna komma fram innan konferensen b\u00f6rjade. Vad tycker jag om den f\u00f6reslagna lagreformen n\u00e4r villkoren f\u00f6r permanent uppeh\u00e5llstillst\u00e5nd eller medborgarskap kommer att begr\u00e4nsas dramatiskt<\/a>? Arg, frustrerad och hj\u00e4lpl\u00f6s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Och naturligtvis kommer den f\u00f6reslagna invandringsreformen att ha st\u00f6rst inverkan p\u00e5 de mest utsatta m\u00e4nniskorna. Trots alla utmaningar befinner jag mig i en mycket privilegierad position som vit kvinna i den akademiska v\u00e4rlden med invandrarstatus. De v\u00e4rsta delarna av reformen kommer att p\u00e5verka dem som redan befinner sig i en desperat situation. F\u00f6r flyktingar kommer till exempel den maximala l\u00e4ngden p\u00e5 beviljad asyl att vara tre \u00e5r och vart tredje \u00e5r kommer den att ompr\u00f6vas<\/a>. Avslag p\u00e5 ans\u00f6kan om flyktingstatus leder till \"utvisning\" fr\u00e5n landet \u00e4ven om den s\u00f6kande har andra grunder f\u00f6r uppeh\u00e5llstillst\u00e5nd s\u00e5som arbete<\/a>. Vidare, \u00e4ven om ukrainare enligt den Tempor\u00e4r skyddsmekanism<\/a>\u00c4ven om de flesta asyls\u00f6kande vid f\u00f6rsta anblicken inte p\u00e5verkas av begr\u00e4nsningarna f\u00f6r asyls\u00f6kande, \u00e4r detta tyv\u00e4rr inte fallet. Till exempel har mottagningsbidraget och mottagningstj\u00e4nsterna kommer att sk\u00e4ras ned till ett minimum<\/a> som f\u00f6reskrivs i konstitutionen och Mottagningsdirektivet<\/a>. En annan grupp m\u00e4nniskor som kommer att drabbas h\u00e5rdast av den f\u00f6reslagna reformen \u00e4r de migranter som saknar ordentliga handlingar (\"irregulj\u00e4ra migranter\"). F\u00f6r dem vill den nya regeringen inte bara inf\u00f6ra en nedsk\u00e4rningar i social- och h\u00e4lsov\u00e5rdstj\u00e4nster<\/a>men \u00e4ven f\u00e4ngelse eller deportation<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Med tanke p\u00e5 de samtidiga nedsk\u00e4rningarna av sociala f\u00f6rm\u00e5ner som riktar sig till invandrare - som verkar strida mot Finlands internationella \u00e5taganden enligt m\u00e5nga internationella m\u00e4nniskor\u00e4ttsavtal, med b\u00f6rjan i Europeiska konventionen om skydd f\u00f6r de m\u00e4nskliga r\u00e4ttigheterna och de grundl\u00e4ggande friheterna och Europeiska sociala stadgan (reviderad) - driver den f\u00f6reslagna reformen situationen f\u00f6r de mest utsatta grupperna till en humanit\u00e4r katastrof p\u00e5 gr\u00e4nsen. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sexuella trakasserier<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jag har blivit sexuellt trakasserad - till exempel p\u00e5 mitt st\u00e4djobb, d\u00e4r du inte kan be om hj\u00e4lp eftersom arbetsgivaren bara kommer att sluta ge dig skift p\u00e5 ditt \"nolltimmarskontrakt\", och hur ska du d\u00e5 kunna betala hyran och barnens gitarrlektioner? Den akademiska v\u00e4rlden \u00e4r inte heller n\u00e5gon s\u00e4ker plats. Vi minns alla fallet med sexuella trakasserier vid \u00c5bo Akademi<\/a> d\u00e4r g\u00e4rningsmannen, en professor, inte fick n\u00e5gra som helst konsekvenser och forts\u00e4tter att arbeta. Hans namn, som aldrig officiellt tillk\u00e4nnagivits, \u00e4r fortfarande k\u00e4nt i samh\u00e4llet eftersom det offentliggjordes av offret. Men denna kunskap ger bara ilska, frustration och en k\u00e4nsla av hj\u00e4lpl\u00f6shet.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fallet Till Lindemann, f\u00f6rutom att det \u00e4r ytterligare en p\u00e5minnelse om oj\u00e4mlikhet, k\u00e4nns bittert inte bara f\u00f6r att jag gillade bandet i min ungdom, utan ocks\u00e5 f\u00f6r att mitt ton\u00e5rsbarn g\u00f6r det nu, och vi har nyligen k\u00f6pt biljetter till Rammstein-konserten i Polen<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Naturligtvis kommer vi inte att g\u00e5 p\u00e5 en konsert med ett sexuellt rovdjur. Tyv\u00e4rr finns det inte mycket hopp om att konserterna kommer att st\u00e4llas in. I USA skulle det ha gjorts omedelbart, men h\u00e4r I Europa har det politiska erk\u00e4nnandet av sexuella \u00f6vergrepp<\/a> \u00e4r ofta n\u00e5got stillast\u00e5ende p\u00e5 1950-talet.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Slutligen tar jag inte med mitt barn p\u00e5 den h\u00e4r konserten eftersom jag en g\u00e5ng 2016 blev \"utvald\" till efterfesten f\u00f6r en ganska k\u00e4nd amerikansk rockgrupp (\u00e4ven om jag inte var n\u00e5got fan). Efter att ha tillbringat en stund med att prata, dricka och ta bilder med bandet gjordes ett andra \"urval\" f\u00f6r att delta i en mer exklusiv fest som var reserverad f\u00f6r de \"konventionellt snygga\" tjejerna. Det k\u00e4ndes s\u00e5 illa att jag gick d\u00e4rifr\u00e5n med en k\u00e4nsla av \u00e4ckel, ilska, frustration och hj\u00e4lpl\u00f6shet. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00e4rdet av min forskning och de allvarliga konsekvenserna av den nya invandringspolitiken f\u00f6r sexuella trakasserier av invandrarkvinnor<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nu forskar jag om dessa tv\u00e5 \u00e4mnen, migration och sexuella trakasserier, tillsammans. Och efter s\u00e5dana nyheter b\u00f6rjar du ifr\u00e5gas\u00e4tta din forskning och dess sociala v\u00e4rde. I Mobile Futures-projektet forskar vi om m\u00e5ngfald, f\u00f6rtroende och dubbelriktad integration. Bland andra forskningsresultat kommer vi att ta fram policydokument. Men vilken policy brief kan vi f\u00f6resl\u00e5 n\u00e4r det g\u00e4ller en invandringsreform som bygger p\u00e5 hat, rasism och diskriminering och som eliminerar eller begr\u00e4nsar grundl\u00e4ggande m\u00e4nskliga r\u00e4ttigheter? Vilket f\u00f6rtroende kan invandrare k\u00e4nna f\u00f6r ett samh\u00e4lle som vill att de ska ha f\u00e4rre r\u00e4ttigheter? Och som forskare i sexuella trakasserier, vad \u00e4r det sociala v\u00e4rdet av mitt arbete om en professor eller en k\u00e4ndis kan slippa undan allt ansvar och maktobalansen driver fram allt fler s\u00e5dana fall?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En invandringsreform som \u00f6kar invandrarnas os\u00e4kra st\u00e4llning kommer definitivt att vara en av orsakerna till att sexuella \u00f6vergrepp mot invandrarkvinnor \u00f6kar. Ju mer din invandrarstatus \u00e4r beroende av ditt arbete, desto mindre \u00e4r ditt skydd och handlingsutrymme. Till exempel kan en \"Det arbetsbaserade uppeh\u00e5llstillst\u00e5ndet skulle upph\u00f6ra att g\u00e4lla om en person inte hittar ett nytt jobb efter mer \u00e4n tre m\u00e5naders arbetsl\u00f6shet.\"<\/a> medan arbetsgivarna kommer att ha en skyldighet att rapportera upps\u00e4gningen av kontraktet till immigrationsmyndigheterna . Under tiden, 2021 var den genomsnittliga arbetss\u00f6kningsperioden 23 veckor, vilket \u00e4r mer \u00e4n 5 m\u00e5nader, och 28% av de arbetss\u00f6kande var arbetsl\u00f6sa i mer \u00e4n ett \u00e5r<\/a>. Samtidigt har invandrarkvinnorna i Finland den l\u00e4gsta syssels\u00e4ttningsgraden bland alla befolkningsgrupper: \u00e5r 2020 var det bara 41%<\/a> j\u00e4mf\u00f6rt med 72% f\u00f6r finska kvinnor. Under dessa f\u00f6rh\u00e5llanden tenderar m\u00f6jligheterna f\u00f6r en kvinna att anm\u00e4la sexuella trakasserier och f\u00f6rs\u00f6ka skydda sig mot \u00f6vergrepp p\u00e5 arbetsplatsen att vara noll, eftersom upps\u00e4gningen av kontraktet f\u00f6r invandrarkvinnor inte bara skulle vara en fr\u00e5ga om att f\u00f6rlora inkomst utan att f\u00f6rlora hela livet i v\u00e5rt land, vilket i sin tur f\u00f6r vissa invandrarkvinnor \u00e4r en fr\u00e5ga om liv och d\u00f6d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6verlag tenderar regeringarna i m\u00e5nga EU-l\u00e4nder att luta sig allt mer mot extremh\u00f6gern. P\u00e5 senare tid har Italien<\/a>, Sverige<\/a>, och nu har Finland anslutit sig Ungern<\/a> och f.d. EU STORBRITANNIEN<\/a>  genom att strama \u00e5t invandringspolitiken. Till r\u00e5ga p\u00e5 allt leder fascistregeringen i mitt eget land ett folkmordskrig som f\u00e5r miljontals m\u00e4nniskor att fly.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u00e5 var kan vi som forskare och m\u00e4nniskor hitta resurser f\u00f6r att forts\u00e4tta med v\u00e5rt arbete och v\u00e5ra liv? Hur kan vi \u00f6vervinna k\u00e4nslan av ilska, frustration och hj\u00e4lpl\u00f6shet? Jag har inga svar i dag, men f\u00f6rhoppningsvis kommer jag att f\u00e5 reda p\u00e5 det.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jag vill tacka min kollega Dionysia Kang f\u00f6r v\u00e5ra meningsfulla samtal om invandringsreformen och f\u00f6r det \u00f6msesidiga st\u00f6det.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Detta blogginl\u00e4gg \u00e5terspeglar endast f\u00f6rfattarens \u00e5sikter.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Illustrationen skapades av Midjourney via f\u00f6rfattarens uppmaning<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

Bloggen Mobile Futures utforskar olika teman och metoder som \u00e4r kopplade till v\u00e5r forskning. Den skrivs av v\u00e5ra forskare och publiceras p\u00e5 olika spr\u00e5k. Om du vill samarbeta med oss, tveka inte att kontakta oss p\u00e5 hello@mobilefutures.fi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mobile Futures -blogissa tarkastellaan eri teemoja ja tutkimukseen liittyvi\u00e4 menetelmi\u00e4. Blogia kirjoittavat ovat tutkijamme, ja se julkaistaan eri kielill\u00e4. Jos haluat tehd\u00e4 yhteisty\u00f6t\u00e4 kanssamme, ota rohkeasti yhteytt\u00e4 osoitteeseen hello@mobilefutures.fi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mobile Futures blogg tar upp olika teman och metoder som \u00e4r kopplade till v\u00e5r forskning. Den skrivs av v\u00e5ra forskare och publiceras p\u00e5 olika spr\u00e5k. Om du vill samarbeta med oss, tveka inte att ta kontakt p\u00e5 hello@mobilefutures.fi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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